Power Management IC
Power management ICs are solid state devices that control the flow and direction of electrical power. They may provide high efficiency power conversion that minimizes energy loss (heat), and are used in mobile devices, TVs, and cars. Many devices have multiple internal voltages (e.g., 5 V, 3.3 V, 1.8 V, etc.) and sources of external power to charge their batteries including USB.
The term refers to a class of integrated circuits that perform various functions related to power requirements. A PMIC may have one or more of the following functions:
- DC to DC conversion
- Battery charging
- Power-source selection
- Voltage scaling
- Power sequencing
- Miscellaneous functions
Features
A PMIC may include battery management, voltage regulation, and charging functions. It may include a DC to DC converter to allow dynamic voltage scaling. Some models are known to feature up to 95% power conversion efficiency. Some models integrate with dynamic frequency scaling in a combination known as DVFS (dynamic voltage and frequency scaling).
It may be manufactured using BiCMOS process. They may come as QFN package. Some models feature I²C or SPI serial bus communications interface for I/O.
Some models feature a low-dropout regulator (LDO), and a real-time clock (RTC) co-operating with a backup battery.
A PMIC can use pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) and pulse-width modulation (PWM). It can use switching amplifier (Class-D electronic amplifier).
Power Management IC is a power IC, that manage,control and distribute and Supply Power voltages from the battery source to other corresponding circuits or chips.
It is highly designed to convert,regulate, stabilize current and voltages that flow across unto it.
A power supply IC Chips can divide and multiply certain voltage from one desired voltage source to any desired power output voltages.
Which is for example a battery voltage source amounts at 3.7 volts DC while other components chips or circuit only requires the amount of 1.8 volts, This 1.8 volts is the amount of voltage is what the power management IC are going to convert.
A brief details on how power supply IC converts and distribute certain desired
voltage from a battery power source to other corresponding circuits or components.
In Nokia mobile phones, certain output supply power voltages were labeled as how much the amount of each output to supply power voltages to another circuits or components.
A failure of a power management IC to gain this following output voltage is also a failure to other corresponding components or circuits to work. A picture below is an example layout of a power management IC mounted on a printed circuit board. A deep familiarization of how this chips works including its whole operation within a circuitry of mobile phones is also a powerful tool in troubleshooting hardware problem issues on a mobile phones.
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