Android Portable Wifi Hotspot


What is Portable Wifi Hotspot?

Using any Android mobile phone as portable WiFi hotspot for sharing a single internet connection on multiple devices or with multiple users is very easy. If you know the settings properly, then this feature becomes very useful and handy.

Here I explain how to use any Android mobile phone as portable WiFi hotspot. The same setting applies to any make or brand of mobile phone including – Samsung, China Mobile Phones, Motorola, HTC, Sony, Alcatel, LG, Panasonic, Huawei, ZTE, Spice, Lava, Sony Ericsson, Micromax etc.

The same process is applicable to share a single internet connection with any computer, laptop, tablet or any other device or gadget.

The same steps are applicable for any Mobile Network Operator including – China Mobile, China Telecom, China Unicom, Orange, T-Mobile, Aircel, Airtel, BSNL, Idea Cellular, Reliance Communications, Tata Teleservices, Telecom Italia Mobile (TIM), Axiata, Maxis Communications, América Móvil, Telenor, Smart Communications, Ooredoo, MegaFon, MTS, VimpelCom Ltd., Saudi Telecom Company (STC), MTN Group, Telefónica, TeliaSonera, Turkcell, Etisalat, Vodafone, AT&T Mobility, Verizon Wireless.

How to Use Your Android Phone as a Portable Wi-Fi Hotspot – Step-by-Step Guide.

Step-1: Make sure you have Data Pack before using Internet WiFi Sharing or you may be charged heavily by your service provider. Switch ON Mobile Data. Look at the Image Below.

Step-2: Go to SETTINGS and Select MORE SETTINGS.

Step-3: Select Tethering and Portable Hotspot. This setting helps to share your device’s mobile data connection via USB, Wi-Fi or Bluetooth.

Step-4: If you want to Share the Internet Connection via Wi-Fi Hotspot then Switch ON Portable Wi-Fi Hotspot.

Step-5: In the Next Screen, you get option to set “Allowed Devices” and “Configuration” Settings.

Step-6: Now you can share the Internet connection via Portable WiFi Hotspot by entering the Password provided by your Android Mobile Phone or Tablet.

iOS / iOS 7 Not Responding – Problem and Solution


iOS / iOS 7 Not Responding – Problem and Solution

iOS / iOS 7 Not Responding – Problem and Solution – Learn how to fix common problems and issues of Apple iOS 7. Home Button, Sleep Wake Up, Hangs, Slide.
iOS / iOS 7 Not Responding – Problem and Solution – Learn how to fix common problems and issues of Apple iOS 7. Common Problems include Home Button not working, Sleep-Wake Up Button Not Responding, iPhone Hangs, Slide now Responding.

iOS 7 Not Responding Issues

Many a Times, iOS (any Version) or iOS7, of your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch may stop responding or my not turn on. You may start wondering why your iPhone or iPad or iPod is not responding or why doesn’t it turn ON. This problem in your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch may stop responding to touchscreen, buttons or switches. Following could be the problems:
  • The Home button doesn’t works or does not take you to the home screen.
  • The iPhone, iPad or iPod just sleeps and does not wake up even after pressing the sleep / wake button.
  • The gadget could not be turned ON.
  • The Apple logo appears and the system hangs.
  • The gadget is hung, frozen or does not respond at all.
  • The “Slide to Unlock” or “Slide to Power Off” does not work.

iOS / iOS 7 Not Responding – Problem and Solution

  1. If the iPhone, iPad or iPod is not responding then try to restart it. To restart the device, Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button on the top until the red slider appears. Now drag the slider to turn the device OFF. Now press and hold the Sleep / Wake button again until you see the Apple logo.
  2. If the device does not respond at all or does not turn on, then try to reset it. To reset the device, press and hold both the Sleep/Wake and Home buttons for about 10 seconds. When the Apple logo appears, the device is reset.
  3. If any single application is not responding or stops responding then try to force stop the application. To force close an application, double-click the Home button and Swipe left or right to locate the particular app. Now swipe the app’s preview up to close it.
  4. If your problem is nor resolved by any of the above solution, then you may try to restore your device with iTunes.
  5. If the problems still persist then contact Apple.

Samsung Galaxy S5 Problem and Solution


Samsung Galaxy S5 Problem and Solution

Samsung Galaxy S5 Problem and Solution – Learn Fixes for common Problems with Samsung Galaxy S5 Smartphone like Screen, Camera, Audio, Menu Button, Download Booster, Water Damage, Software Issues.

The Samsung Galaxy S5 (Available as – SM-G900F, SM-G900I, SM-G900K/G900L/G900S, SM-G900M, SM-G900A and SM-G900T) is the latest very popular and widely sold Android smartphone from Samsung.

But, like any other mobile cell phone, this smart phone too has some bugs and problems that need to be fixed.

Following are some of the problems and solutions related with Samsung Galaxy S5 Cell Phone.

Samsung Galaxy S5 Screen Problem – The screen doesn’t turn on

Many buyers and users of Samsung Galaxy S5 smartphone are complaining about its screen problem. In many cases, the screen doesn’t not turn ON Automatically when the phone is on STANDBY for some time. The screen just remains black.

Here is how to solve and fix this problem:

  1. Restart the phone or Turn it OFF and again Turn it ON.
  2. If the problem is not fixed then remove the battery and again insert it back.
  3. You may also have to change the “Lock Screen” Setting. Just go to Settings and select “Device”. Select the “Lock Screen” Option and then select “Additional Information”. Uncheck and turn OFF the setting.
  4. If the problem is still not solved then you may have to Disable the “S Health App and the Smart Remote App. Go to – Settings – Accessibility – Vision – Dark screen – Turn OFF.
  5. Buggy applications can also cause the problem. Check ad uninstall.
  6. If nothing works then Factory Reset the Phone. Go to Settings – Backup and reset- Factory data reset.

Samsung Galaxy S5 Camera Problem – Camera Failure, Slow Camera

Many users have complained of several problems with camera of Samsung Galaxy S5. Sometimes the camera is slow to respond and sometimes a warning pops out saying “Camera Failed”.

Here is how to solve and fix this problem:

  1. Restart the phone and see if the problem is solved or not.
  2. Go to Settings – Application Manager – Camera App – Force Stop, Clear cache, and Clear data.
  3. If the problem is not solved then remove the MicroSD card and save the photos and videos in the phone.
  4. Have you installed any app that uses the flashlight like the Flashlight App. If yes, then try to uninstall the app.
  5. If the camera responds too slowly then do following – Tap on the Gear icon located at the bottom left – Turn OFF Picture stabilization. This feature often slows down the camera.
  6. If nothing works the Factory Reset the Phone as explained above.
  7. If the problem is still not solved then visit the retailer or Authorized Samsung Service Center.

Samsung Galaxy S5 Audio Problem – Caller Can’t Hear Your or You Can’t Hear the Caller

Many users have complained of several problems with audio / speaker and microphone of Samsung Galaxy S5. Sometimes the caller cannot hear the other person and sometimes the other person cannot hear the caller. Sometimes the audio is not audible.

Here is how to solve and fix this problem:

  1. Clear the cache and close any running active application. Also clear the RAM.
  2. Make sure the audio volume is maximum.
  3. Restart the phone if required.
  4. If the problem is not solved then remove the battery and the SIM and again insert them back and turn ON the Cell Phone.
  5. Make sure no external Bluetooth device is paired with the phone. Turn OFF Bluetooth.
  6. If the other person cannot hear you then check the microphone. Make sure there is nothing caught in the microphone hole. Use air pressure to clean the hole.

Samsung Galaxy S5 Menu Button

The Samsung Galaxy S5 replaces the Menu Button with the Multitasking button located at the bottom.

Samsung Galaxy S5 No Download Booster

Download Booster is a feature that allows fast downloading of files Wi-Fi and LTE. This is a Network carrier problem and not handset problem.

Samsung Galaxy S5 Water Damage Problem

The Samsung Galaxy S5 is water resistant and not water proof. It can withstand if submerged in 1 meter deep water for about 30 minutes. Not for unlimited time. This time is more than enough for anyone to take out the phone from water if by accident it falls in water.

How to Solve SIM Fault in any Mobile Cell Phone


Mobile Cell Phone SIM Not Working Problem and Solution 

This chapter explains Mobile Phone SIM Problem and Solution – Mobile Phone SIM not working and How to Display Fault in any Mobile Cell Phone. These problem and solution apply to all brands and make of mobile phones including Nokia, Samsung, iPhone, China Mobile Phones, Motorola, HTC, Sony, Blackberry, Alcatel, Apple, AudioVox, Benefone, Danger, FIC, Hagenuk, Palm, Kyocera, LG, Panasonic, Huawei, ZTE, Spice, Lava, Sony Ericsson, Micromax etc.

What is SIM in a Mobile Cell Phone?

SIM stands for Subscriber Identification Module. In a mobile cell phone it is an electronic component or part that helps identification of the User.

Types of Faults or Problems with SIM in any Mobile Cell Phone

  • SIM is inserted but still there is a message saying “Insert SIM”.
  • The Mobile Phone goes OFFLINE when the SIM Card is inserted.
  • SIM works for sometime and then it stops working.
  • There is a message that says “Invalid SIM”.

Mobile Cell Phone SIM Not Working Problem and Solution – How to Solve SIM Card Fault in any MobileCell Phone

  1. Check settings and see if the mobile phone is in Flight Mode or Not. If it is in “Flight Mode” then change the Mode to Normal.
  2. Clean SIM Card Tips and SIM Connector.
  3. If the problem is not solved then change the SIM Card and Check.
  4. If the problem still persists then Change the SIM Connector.
  5. If you still do not find solution to the problem then Check Track of the SIM Section. Refer to the Diagram of the Particular Model of the Mobile Phone. Books with Diagrams of Tracks are available in the Market and on the Internet.
  6. If the problem is still not solved then Heat or Change the SIM IC.
  7. Finally, Heat, Reball or Change the Power IC.

Note:

  • Check if the IMEI Number of the Mobile Phone is Good or Corrupt. To check the IMEI Number, Dial*#06#. If the IMEI Number is something like – 35826********220 OR *************??? OR************000? OR ***************? Then the IMEI Number is Corrupt. Reload the IMEI Number to solve the SIM Problem.
  • Check BSI Point of the Battery. The Middle Pin is the BSI. Change the Battery and Check. If the Display shows “Not Charging” and at the same time there is SIM Card Problem then it is caused because of BSI Problem of the Battery or the BSI Track of the PCB.
  • If you need to change the SIM IC and SIM IC is not available then you can do jumper. The function of the SIM IC is just to complete the circuit.

Secret Codes for Android Mobile Phones


Android Secret Codes

Secret Codes for Android Mobile Phones – These secret codes are very helpful to test several features of android mobile phones and can be used for diagnosis and troubleshooting.

Secret Codes for Android Mobile Phones

Many people are searching for secret codes for Android Mobile Phones. Many website provide correct information while others provide false and useless information. It is recommended that you use only genuine and useful secret codes from reliable sources. I try my best to provide correct and useful information on this website.

When I first bought my New Samsung Galaxy SII Android Mobile Phone, I was excited and curious to learn about Android. It took time for me to learn but now I must admit that Android is the best Operating System for any Mobile Phone, Tablet or Phablet. The simple and easy to use User Interface makes it the leader.

The Android secret codes mentioned here are applicable to any brand of android mobile phone including – Samsung, China Mobile Phones, Motorola, HTC, Sony, Alcatel, LG, Panasonic, Huawei, ZTE, Spice, Lava, Sony Ericsson, Micromax etc.

PS: Please note that you must use these secret codes at your own risk. If you are a beginner then I suggest taking help of some expert or experienced user before using these codes. These useful secret codes are meant to be used by experienced users and not beginners.

List of Useful and Helpful Android Secret Codes
Secret Code Purpose of Use


*#*#4636#*#* Displays useful information regarding the mobile phone. Following Menus are Displayed using this secret code:


Phone information
Battery information
Battery history
Usage statistics
Wifi information


*#*#7780#*#* Secret code to Factory Reset any Android Mobile Phone. This code will reset and remove following data:


Google account settings stored in the phone
System and application data and settings
All Downloaded applications

This code will not format or erase following:
Current system software and bundled applications
Files and data stored in the external SD card.


*2767*3855# Secret code to factory format any Android mobile phone. It will format and remove all data, files and settings of the mobile phone and the internal memory. It will also reinstall the phone firmware.
This is a very risky secret code and must be used very wisely only when required or when no other option is left. Once this code is given, the operation cannot be stopped. It may be stopped by removing the battery but it may cause other troubles.


*#*#34971539#*#* Secret code to get information about camera of the mobile phone. When this code is given, following menus will appear on the screen:


Update camera firmware in image
Update camera firmware in SD card
Get camera firmware version
Get firmware update count

Select the required menu for related information. It is suggested not to use the first menu to update camera firmware or the camera might stop working.


*#*#7594#*#* This secret code is used to change the “End Call / Power” button option.


*#*#273283*255*663282*#*#* This code will open a File copy screen to backup media files like videos, music and sound, photos / images etc.


*#*#197328640#*#* This code is used to enter into service mode to run different tests and change settings.


WLAN, GPS and Bluetooth Secret Codes


*#*#232339#*#*
OR 
*#*#526#*#* 
OR 
*#*#528#*#* WLAN Test


*#*#232338#*#* Displays WiFi MAC Address


*#*#1472365#*#*
OR
*#*#1575#*#* GPS Test


*#*#232331#*#* Bluetooth Test


*#*#232337#*# To Display Bluetooth Device Address


*#*#8255#*#* To launch GTalk Service Monitor.


Useful Secret Codes for Factory Tests


*#*#0*#*#* LCD Test


*#*#0673#*#*
OR
*#*#0289#*#* Melody Test


*#*#0283#*#* Packet Loop Back


*#*#0842#*#* Vibrator and Back light Test


*#*#2663#*#* Touch Screen Version


*#*#2664#*#* Touch Screen Test


*#*#0588#*#* Proximity Sensor Test


*#*#3264#*#* RAM Version










































How to Reset iPhone (All Models) – Soft Reset / Hard Reset / Factory Reset


What is the Need to Reset iPhone

Many a Times you may need to reset your iPhone for several reasons like to fix minor or major problems and bugs, to erase data before selling, problems with touchscreen, buttons or switches. The first thing to learn here is that there are 2 (TWO) different types of RESET Options in an iPhone or any other Brand of Smartphone – Soft Reset and Hard Reset. The reset process mentioned below are applicable to all models / generations of iPhone including – Original iPhone, iPhone 5S, iPhone 5C, iPhone 5, iPhone 4S, iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, iPhone 3G.

iPhone Reset Options

Soft Reset – This option is suitable if the iPhone starts giving minor problems. Soft reset clears the memory of the iPhone thus fixing most minor problems. The reason for these minor problems could be buggy apps or bad apps that keep crashing. Soft reset of the iPhone will clear the memory and fix the problems. Soft reset does not delete or removes ant data or information, apps, songs, contacts etc from the iPhone.
Hard Reset – Hard Reset and Factory Reset are same thing. This option should be the last choice when no other tips and tricks work. Hard Reset resets the iPhone to its factory settings. This means that after hard reset, your iPhone will be in the same condition as it was shipped from the factory. There is different procedure to do a full “hard reset” and this will erase or delete everything from the mobile phone and restore the iPhone to its factory settings.

iPhone Soft Reset Process

  1. Simultaneously press and hold the Home button located at the center bottom of the iPhone and the Sleep/Wake button located at the top of the iPhone.
  2. Continue holding both buttons until the iPhone shuts down and again restarts. The process could take about 10 to 20 seconds. Once the iPhone shuts down, you can leave the buttons.
  3. After 10 to 20 seconds you will see the Apple logo on the screen.
  4. Now the iPhone will take some time to reset everything. Sit down until you
  5. Now the soft reset of your iPhone is done.

iPhone Hard Reset / Factory Reset Process 

  1. Go to “Settings“
  2. Select “General“
  3. Scroll down and select “Reset“.
  4. Here you will find few options like – Reset All Settings, Erase All content and Settings, Reset Network Settings.
  5. For Hard Factory Reset, select “Erase All Content and Settings“
  6. The iPhone will ask for pass code / password.
  7. Enter the password and confirm.
  8. Now the phone will start the reset process which could take few minutes. Sit down and allow the phone to reset itself.
  9. Once hard reset is done, your iPhone will be same as it was shipped from the factory.
  10. If you updated the iOS, then after reset, the iPhone will have the LAST Version of iOS.

iPhone Touchscreen Problem


iPhone Touchscreen Not Working Problem

iPhone touchscreen not working is a common problem. The touchscreen problem can occur in any model of the iPhone. However, solution to the problem is easy. If you have little DIY experience in assemble and disassemble (opening) any mobile phone then you can easily solver this touchscreen problem in its any version. All models of iPhone till now have a separate IC called “Touchscreen Controller” to handle the job. However, Part Number of the IC in different Models of iPhone is different but their location on the Logic Board and Function is same.
Here I explain step-by-step easy to understand process on how to solve iPhone touchscreen problem. The same solution applies to all models of iPhone including – Original iPhone, iPhone 6, iPhone 5S, iPhone 5C, iPhone 5, iPhone 4S, iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, iPhone 3G.

iPhone Touchscreen Not Working – Problem and Solution

  1. Using precision screwdriver, carefully remove all the screws from the housing of the iPhone and keep them at a safe place.
  2. Remove all the screws from inside and carefully disassemble all the inside parts until you reach the Logic Board of the iPhone. Remember the sequence of dis assembly that will be helpful when you assemble back the iPhone.
  3. When you look at the Logic Board of the iPhone, you will see an IC similar to the image below. Remember, different models of the iPhone will have different part numbers on the Touchscreen Controller IC. For e.g., the Part Number of iPhone 4S Touchscreen Controller IC is – TI 343S0538.
  4. Dry solder could be one reason for the touchscreen problem. Using ESD-Safe Brush, apply good quality no-clean flux on all sides of this particular IC.
  5. Using Hot Air Blower, give hot air all around the IC. Make sure to give hot air from some height. If you give hot air from too close then the solder can melt. Our motive is to not to melt the solder but to remove all the oxides from the solder joints.
  6. Now using any good PCB cleaning chemical like IPA solution, clean the logic board with the help of ESD-Safe Brush.
  7. Assemble back the iPhone and check the touchscreen. It should work now.
  8. If the problem is not solved then you may have to replace the Touchscreen Controller IC (SMD).

Downgrade android version


How to downgrade android version

If your device has been upgraded to a new version of Android, like for example; your current Android version may be 4.4.4 KitKat and you may have upgraded to Android 5.0.1 Lollipop. When upgrading Android versions, especially a critical upgrade that changes the version entirely, not just revisions of the current version (E.g. 4.4.2 > 4.4.4), your system may be more secure, because with major firmware upgrades like this, there are a lot of system vulnerabilities and security holes that may be fixed, as well as a completely different GUI and look.

Not just functionality and user interface changes, apps and software that you may be using on your previous version of Android may not be supported by the new version of Android you have just downloaded. If you fear that upgrading to another version of Android may cut off support to the app/software/modification you are currently using, it may be wise to wait until there is official word that support for the particular software you are using, is going to support the newer Android update. If you have upgraded your device’s Android version and do not like it, or just want to revert back to what you had before, you will need to perform what’s called a “System Downgrade,” which is what we are here to show you today.

In the example we will be demonstrating here, we will be using Google’s line-up of Nexus devices, or the Nexus 5 in particular, as it does have primary support from Google, has its own Factory image file, and has an unlockable Bootloader. As with every procedure you perform on your devices, you will almost certainly run into the risk of losing your sensitive data, so I highly advise you to make multiple backups of your device’s contents, as flashing a system image file will wipe all of the data currently on the device, and once you’ve saved everything and are sure you want to modify your system software, then you may proceed.

Proceed at your own risk. Following these steps can break your phone forever!

Nexus devices are incredibly simple to downgrade, all you really need to do is save all your personal files, head over to Google’s developer page, where you can download any factory image ever released for every Nexus device, and proceed to flash it through ADB (Android Debugging Bridge). So in this example, we will assume our Nexus 5 has Android 5.0 Installed, and we want to downgrade to Android version 4.4.4. So we will download the (KTU84P) version of 4.4.4 and have it saved somewhere you can find it at.

If you are trying to downgrade a different device you are going to have to do a search for that phones factory images. Google is a good place to start.

There are also a few other things we will need to download, on top of the Factory image. You will need the Android SDK’s platform-tools that we will be flashing the image from. So come over and download the SDK manager from here and download the standalone SDK file. Next install the the SDK, (Note that you do need the latest Java runtime to use this), and click next and let it locate where you have your Java installed, and keep clicking next and install the SDK.

Once you have it installed, head into the SDK Manager, and select the SDK Tools, SDK Platform-tools, android support library, and Google USB Driver, and click install. Next, we will head to where you previously downloaded the Nexus 5 Factory image. You will then proceed to extract the file’s contents to the platform-tools folder you installed from the SDK Manager.

Alright, now that we have gone through all the pre-requisites of installing and downloading all our necessary files, let’s begin the procedure of downgrading.

First things first, head over to your device’s stock settings app, and scroll down to about device, and find your build number section. Keep tapping on the build number until a toast notification/message appears saying that you have successfully enabled developer mode, or you are now a developer. After you’ve enabled developer mode, hit back once, and you should see a new section in your settings called “Developer Options.” Scroll down and enable “USB Debugging.” Now, plug your device into your computer through a micro USB cable, and make sure your computer is recognizing and detecting your device is plugged in. If for some reason your computer isn’t detecting your device, you have to head over to your computer’s device manager, and update/install device drivers.

Now, head over to the Platform-tools folder where you installed, and make sure the contents of the factory image are all in there. If it doesn’t show up there, you may have to manually extract it to a location, and copy and paste the files into the platform-tools directory.

Once we are in the platform-tools folder, go ahead and highlight your cursor on an unoccupied space in the folder, and hold shift right click and select open command window here. You should now see a command prompt window appear on your screen, which is sign that you’re doing everything right so far. Next, type in “adb devices, and hit enter.” Your device should come up as a random string of characters (which is your device’s serial number), and beside it, it should say “unrecognized”, which is fine. Now head over to your device and you should see a prompt asking you, “allow USB Debugging?” Checkmark Always allow, and click ok. What this does is verify that adb is recognizing your device. If it doesn’t, your drivers are incorrectly installed, or you have the wrong drivers installed, or you just have to wait until your device receives a signal from ADB asking it for debugging access. We will assume everything went off without a problem, so now what you want to do is, type in ”adb devices” again, and hit enter, only this time, your device’s serial number should appear and the word “device” should sit right beside your device’s serial number, which indicates that everything is properly configured so far.

Next, type in “adb reboot Bootloader”, and hit enter. Your device should turn off and reboot into “Fastboot Mode.” Which is indicated by a picture of an Android lying flat on its back with its stomach panel opened. There will be a small block of colored text at the bottom of the screen, one which even says “Fastboot Mode.” At the very end of the block of text should appear “LOCK STATE.” If beside this says “Locked” (which means your Bootloader is locked) which it should if you never unlocked it. We will just unlock the Bootloader quickly, so enter the command “Fastboot oem unlock” and hit enter.

(*Note that if you unlock your device’s Bootloader, your warranty most likely will be void, and the device’s OEM for the most part will not handle warranty affairs with your device.) Your device should prompt you with a confirmation request asking “Are you sure you want to unlock your Bootloader?” Just use you volume keys to navigate through the options and click the power button to confirm. Your device will go back into Fastboot mode. Just wait a few seconds for the device to fully unlock your Bootloader and under “LOCK STATE,” it should appear to be unlocked, and now you’ve successfully unlocked your device’s Bootloader, therefore granting you access to install custom operating systems and ROMS.

So now, we head back into our adb command prompt, and enter the command “Flash-all” and hit enter. Now, the device should go through a series of installation points and should load for a minute or two, just let it run its commands and let it load. Now the process of flashing/downgrading has begun. Eventually the device’s screen should transition to its usual upgrading interface, which is just a standing Android with its stomach panel opened. Let it load and re-install the image file. Once the process of installation is finished, your device should emulate a factory restored state-like interface. Just run through the device setup, and you should be greeted with the brand new version of Android, whichever you decided to install. This process I have just run through with you guys applies to upgrading/flashing other ROMs as well.

Now, some finishing discussions. If you wish to re-lock your device’s Bootloader, head into Fastboot mode of your device, and type the command “Fastboot oem lock”, and your device should run through the process of re-locking the device’s Bootloader. Your device’s OEM might be able to detect Bootloader changes, and refuse your warranty claim if you have tampered with Bootloader settings.

That concludes our guide for downgrading and flashing image files through the ADB interface, this method applies universally to a lot of Android devices, although different devices by different OEMs that have different interfaces/OS will have a different method of downgrading and flashing

How to update the android


How to update the android

Make sure the backup option is checked. While updating your Android OS is usually a painless process, there is a small chance that your device may crash. To protect against this, ensure that your device is properly backed up.

Open your device’s Settings. You can find the Settings app in your app drawer, or you can press your device’s menu button when you are on the Home screen and select Settings.
Android updates are typically only available through the device itself. There are some exceptions, such as downloading the update through Samsung Kies on your computer for Samsung devices. Updating happens automatically on Kies if there is an update available when you connect your device to your computer via USB.

Scroll down to About phone and tap it to open your device’s information screen. This is located at the bottom of the Settings list. It may be labeledAbout phone or About tablet.

Tap the System updates option. This may also be labeled Software updates.

Tap Check now.
Your device will check to see if any updates are available. Update availability is dependent on your device’s manufacturer as well as your mobile service provider. New updates may not always be available for all devices.
If there is an update available, the update will begin downloading to your device. For larger updates, this could take a while, and you should have your device connected to a Wi-Fi network so that you avoid going over your data allotment.

Tap Restart & install. Once the update has finished downloading, the device will need to restart in order to install the software. This will render your device inoperable for a few minutes during the update process.
Plug your device into its charger during the installation process to ensure that the battery doesn't run out while the update is being installed. Sometimes mobiles may hang and will not switch on, in this circumstance you have to reboot your device. In the rebooting process all the updated data is erased and your phone is switched on. To reboot phone, long press the power key + up or down sound button.

How to Diagnose Mobile Phone Problem


How to Diagnose Mobile Phone Problem

There could be times when you may need to troubleshoot / diagnose your mobile phone or smartphonewhen there are problems with slow performance, audio, display or any other such problem. There are in-built diagnostic tools and downloadable Apps that can help you easily and quickly diagnose your mobile cell phone and troubleshoot and fix the problem.

Mobile Phone Secret Diagnostic Codes

iPhone – 3001#12345# * – This will display “Field Test” on your iPhone where you can easily test each part of the phone’s functions.
BlackBerry: TEST
HTC: *#*#3423#*#*
LG: 2945#*# or 2945*#01*#
Motorola: ##7764726
Nokia: ##3282
Samsung: * #0011#
Sony: 904059+>

The above codes will help you identify software or hardware problem and then it becomes easier to find the solution. Please note that the above codes may not work on all models.

Use Technician's Codes to Diagnose Your Android Phone


Android: Get a closer look at the inner workings of your phone by using the diagnostic codes technicians use to trouble shoot everything from an unresponsive GPS device to backlight problems.

If you've ever had to take your phone in for service or had a technician help you over the phone you're familiar with the odd series of # symbols and numbers they'll have you enter to help diagnose your situation. A computer tips and tricks blog, put together a list of codes for Android phones. In the screenshot above, for example, we keyed in *#*#4636#*#* to access a variety of diagnostic information including battery readings and other information about the phone.

You can check out more codes at the link below. We'd strongly caution you to read carefully what each diagnostic code does before just wantonly punching them in. Some of the codes do very powerful things like wipe the firmware or delete the vendor-specific updates from your Android OS.

Have a tip or trick to share for getting to the secret menus and hidden diagnostic tools in other phones? Let's hear about it in the comments.

How to Increase Battery Life of Smartphone

How to Increase Battery Life of Smartphone 

How to Increase Battery Life of Smartphone – Fast battery drain is a common problem with smartphones both Android and iPhone even Samsung and other brands. So, how to increase battery life of smartphone? Let us learn the solution here.

Smartphone Fast Battery Drainage Problem

Today, smartphone have become a part of our life. Whether it is Android, iPhone or well known brands like Samsung or China Made Smartphone. The craze for smartphones is increasing day by day. But the main problem with most smartphones is battery life. People are bothered about fast battery drainage. Under such circumstances, it is extremely important to take note of points and practices that can increase and improve battery life of your smartphone.

What most people simply do is plug in their smartphone for charging as soon as they reach their office or home. Then they leave their phone on charging for unlimited period of time. This is completely wrong and can damage the battery of your smartphone or decrease its life. Let us now discuss some very useful and simple tips on how to increase battery life of your smartphone.

How to Increase Battery Life of Smartphone

Do not allow your smartphone to overheat: Heat is the enemy of lithium-ion battery. Lithium-ion batteries are used in most present smartphones. In order to prevent your smartphone from getting overheated, you must follow some tips. Never place your smartphone on dashboard of your car. When playing graphically intensive games never charge your smartphone because it increases temperature of your smartphone and harms the battery. The ideal temperature to charge your smartphone battery is between 20 to 30 degree Celsius.

Do not use your smartphone while charging: Using your phone while charging is harmful to you and the battery of your smartphone. Even slightest use of the phone while charging stops complete charging cycle of the battery and can even damage the battery.

Never use duplicate charger: Always use original charger only. This practice becomes even more important if your phone supports quick charging. According to experts, high capacity chargers can charge up to 70% more quickly but it can also damage the battery if charging is not done properly by using duplicate chargers. Good quality original chargers help to maintain life of the battery. So, never use any third party chargers or low cost inferior chargers.

When to charge your smartphone: When you buy a new smartphone, it is not necessary to charge it full before use. Most new smartphones come with fully charged battery. Just start using your smartphone. At the same time, it is not necessary to charge your smartphone 100%. It can be 85% or 90% or 95%. At the same time, never allow the battery to drain to zero. Put your smartphone to charge when the battery level reaches 10%. This will help the battery to last long.

Never leave your smartphone on charging overnight: This mistake is done by most people around the world. This damages the battery and it will not last too long. When the voltage of the battery reaches its desired capacity, it automatically stops charging. It is battery to unplug the charger once the battery is fully charged.

Always use external SD Card for storage: This will also help to improve and increase life of the battery.

Do not download unlimited and useless apps: Download and use only useful apps. Uninstall unwanted and unused apps. Also try to install apps on external SD Card to increase and improve battery life.

How to improve smartphone battery life: 10 tips to make your phone's battery last longer - and the battery saving myths that won't help at all

Fed up with charging your phone every night? We offer some simple tips and tricks you can use to make your phone's battery last longer, plus point out the battery saving myths that won't help you at all.

Even in 2016, it's tough to go much longer than 24 hours without charging your smartphone. Better battery technology simply hasn't arrived yet, which means it's down to software and settings to eke out the limited power for as long as possible. See also: the best phones you can buy right now

Unfortunately, you're never going to get a week's use out of a smartphone because of those big, bright screens along with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS and 3G. However, by following our advice and making a few changes to your phone's settings (and maybe even changing the way you use your phone) you should be able to extend its battery life by a good chunk.

These days there's a huge choice of portable USB power banks, which you can use to charge your phone on the go. Plus, if you have a popular handset, you may find there are specific cases which incorporate batteries to give you extra power at the expense of only a little more bulk and weight. 

What we're not going to suggest here is to use your phone less. Our aim is to show you how to reduce your handset's power consumption without making it unusable.

So, here are 10 ways you can boost your smartphone's battery life, plus the battery saving myths that won't help at all. 

Boost battery life: Dim the screen brightness or use auto brightness
You love your smartphone's large, colourful display, but it's the battery's mortal enemy. More than any other component of your phone, the display consumes battery life at a devastating pace. Most phones include an auto-brightness feature that automatically adjusts the screen's brightness to suit ambient lighting levels.
This mode uses less power than constantly running your screen at full brightness would, of course, but you'll get even better results by turning your screen's brightness down to the lowest setting that you can tolerate and leaving it there. Even if you do nothing else we suggest, following this one tip will extend the life of your battery dramatically.

Boost battery life: Keep the screen timeout short
Under your phone's display settings menu, you should find an option labeled 'Screen Timeout' or something similar. (On an iPhone, look for Auto-Lock in the General settings menu.) This setting controls how long your phone's screen stays lit after receiving input, such as a tap.
Every second counts here, so set your timeout to the shortest available time. On most Android phones, the minimum is 15 seconds. If your screen timeout is currently set to 2 minutes, consider reducing that figure to 30 seconds or less. On an iPhone, the minimum you can set is 1 minute.

Boost battery life:Turn off Bluetooth
No matter now much you love using Bluetooth with your hands-free headset, your wireless speaker or activity tracker, the extra radio is constantly listening for signals from the outside world. When you aren't in your car, or when you aren't playing music wirelessly, turn off the Bluetooth radio. This way, you can add an hour or more to your phone's battery life.

Boost battery life:Turn off Wi-Fi
As with Bluetooth, your phone's Wi-Fi radio is a serious battery drainer. While you will at times need to use your home or office Wi-Fi connection rather than 3G or 4G for internet access and other data services, there's little point in leaving the Wi-Fi radio on when you're out and about. Toggle it off when you go out the door, and turn it back on only when you plan to use data services within range of your Wi-Fi network. Android users can add the Wi-Fi toggle widget to their home screen to make this a one-tap process, or swipe down from the top of the screen (twice if you have Lollipop.)
In iOS it's easier than ever to toggle Bluetooth and Wi-Fi on and off. Simply swipe up from the bottom of the screen to display the Control Centre.
The exception to this rule is for location services, since Wi-Fi can help your phone to obtain a GPS fix using less power.

Boost battery life:Go easy on the location services, and GPS
Another big battery sucker is apps using GPS, Wi-Fi and mobile data for monitoring your location. As a user, you can revoke apps' access to location services, or set levels (in Android) to determine how much power they use. In Settings > Location, you can choose High accuracy when you need it, or Battery saving when you don't.

Boost battery life: Don't leave apps running in the background
Multitasking - the ability to run more than one app at a time - is a powerful smartphone feature. It can also burn a lot of energy, because every app you run uses a share of your phone's processor cycles.
Some apps themselves are particularly heavy on battery life. For example, Facebook has confirmed it is investigating reports that its iOS app could be to blame for significant battery drain, and is working on a fix.
"We have heard reports of some people experiencing battery issues with our iOS app," Facebook told TechCrunch. "We're looking into this and hope to have a fix in place soon."
By killing apps that you aren't actually using, you can drastically reduce your CPU's workload and cut down on its power consumption.
In Android, tap the multi-tasking button - usually the right-most of the three icons at the bottom of the screen - and you can swipe away apps to close them.
In iOS, double-tap the Home button so the multitasking screen appears, then swipe upwards to close the app.
Both iOS and Android now have battery monitors, so you can check exactly how much each app is using and easily spot those which are using too much power. Then you can either uninstall them or simply make sure you quit them when you're not actually using them.

Boost battery life: Don't use vibrate
Prefer to have your phone alert you to incoming calls by vibrating rather than playing a ringtone? We understand the inclination; unfortunately, vibrating uses much more power than playing a ringtone does. After all, a ringtone only has to make a tiny membrane in your phone's speaker vibrate enough to produce sound.
In contrast, the vibration motor rotates a small weight to make your whole phone shake. That process takes a lot more power. If you don't want to be disturbed audibly, consider turning off all notifications and leave the phone in view so you can see when a new call is coming in. This approach is as courteous to your battery as it is to your friends and colleagues.

Boost battery life:Turn off non-essential notifications
It seems as though almost every app now polls the internet in search of updates, news, messages, and other information. When it finds something, the app may chime, light up your screen and display a message, make your LED blink, or do all of the above. All of these things consume energy.
You probably don't want to turn off notifications about new text messages or missed calls, but turning off superfluous notifications will help your battery last a little longer, and it will eliminate pointless distractions throughout your day.

Boost battery life:Push email
Having your phone constantly check if there's new email is a waste of power. Instead of allowing email to be pushed to your phone at any time, why not change the setting to fetch mail every so often - maybe 15 or 30 minutes if you don't need to respond immediately to anyone?

Boost battery life: Power-saving modes
Depending on your phone, you may find the manufacturer has provided power-saving features that go beyond anything available in Android by default. (Apple's iOS doesn't have a battery saving mode.)
Enabling a battery-saving mode manages the phone's various power-sapping features for you. It might, for example, prevent apps from updating in the background, dim your screen, reduce the screen timeout setting, disable on-screen animations, and turn off vibration. By default, this mode usually turns on when your battery level drops to 20 percent, but you can set it to kick in at 30 percent instead. And the sooner the phone switches to this power-saving mode, the longer its battery will last.
A few phones, notably from HTC and Samsung, have so-called extreme (or ultra) power saving modes. These turn everything off except those necessary for making phone calls and sending text messages (even turning the screen to black and white) and can add anything up to 24 hours of emegency use, even if your battery is down to 15 or 20 percent.

Other tips for saving battery power
Hidden away in settings menus are usually plenty of options for disabling things like sensors or features that you never use, and more.
Most of these will make a minimal impact on battery life, but combined, they can become significant.
On an iPhone you can disable the Raise to Speak feature in the Siri settings, which is said to increase battery life.
Finally, as we've mentioned, it's worth rebooting your phone from time to time, rather than leaving it in sleep mode all the time. This can sometimes cure otherwise inexplicable battery draining problems.

Battery saving myths exposed
• Force-closing apps doesn't always help: An app running in the background actually won't use very much battery power at all, and by force-closing it you merely drain more power when relaunching it causes it to reload its code to the phone's RAM
• Wi-Fi can help battery life at times: If you have a strong Wi-Fi signal, your phone can use it rather than GPS to determine its location for the apps that require it. And Wi-Fi uses less battery power than GPS
• Disabling Google Now and Siri won't help: These services drain power only when you use them and they are listening for your command; if you don't use them much, don't lose out on a useful feature by disabling them
• You don't have to use the charger that came with your phone: A cheap charger can potentially damage your handset, but most third-party chargers won't cause any issues with your battery, and many will actually charge it faster

UNDERSTANDING HOW RF CIRCUIT WORKS ON CELL PHONES

UNDERSTANDING HOW RF CIRCUIT WORKS ON CELL PHONES

In cell phone repair it is very helpful to understand how the RF circuits works , for this is a big help when
troubleshooting No signal problem issues.
RF stands for radio frequency , this frequency is used to transmit and receive the data signals from a mobile phone.

Here's a brief explanation on how does RF circuit works on mobile phones. 
This is for GSM RF circuit only, although the WCDMA circuit and WI-FI circuit have similarity on this but I will try to explain both of it hereafter. 

. Observe how the frequency data signal feeds from a certain parts of an RF circuit design. 
A breakdown or failure of each certain part will result to signal loss and the capability to generate, amplify, control , process, send and receive the desired radio frequency during transmission process. 

In mobile phones transmission there are two types of operation took place, the receiving operation and the transmitting operation.
In normal mode, RX part is always active in receiving operation the antenna switch is always open its gateway through to the RX circuit, It is always ready to receive and intercepts the radio waves and wait for the desired frequency signal to catch up.
During transmission like making a call or sending a text message the antenna switch will close the gateway of the RX and open the gateway of the TX in order not to interfere the data signal during transmission.
All data that has been receive and before to transmit or send, all this data signals are feeds to the baseband processor.

An explanation of an RF Circuit Parts and what possible problems if a certain part is damaged. 

RF Receiver - ( RX radio receiver )
The rf receiver are called RX, this circuit is design to receives, and process the data signals from the airwaves during transmission process. A failure of this circuit will result to unable to receive data signal during transmission. 

RF Transmitter - ( TX radio transmitter )
the rf transmitter are called TX which is the one that process, amplify the data signals from a mobile phone . 
Once failed to initiate a failure to transmit radio frequency signal, this will result to unable to send data signal during transmission. .

Power amplifier - RF amplifier
The power amplifier is used to amplify, boost up the radio frequency signal before it feeds to the antenna before it thrown over the air waves during transmission. If damaged will result to signal loss, a dropping signal indication on the display.

The Antenna is used to intercepts and thrown the radio radio frequency in the air during transmission
When electricity is "thrown" into the metal of an antenna, the metal reacts to the electricity at an atomic level in the form of a wave.
if damaged or due to a corroded terminal pads, will indicate and show a poor signal or low level frequency signal.

Antenna switch
The antenna switch is used as a gateway that controls and manage the frequency to pass through, it switch the RX frequency signal and TX frequency signal during transmission process. literally the antenna is the signal catcher and likewise the signal thrower. If damaged the gateway to the antenna will be closed and result to network signal indication. 

Crystal oscillator
Generates a desired frequency that feeds to the RX and TX circuits. In mobile phones a Voltage controlled Oscillator (VCO) and Voltage Controlled Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator (VCTXO) is used in rf circuit. 
If damaged the RX and TX will not work and the RF cicuit is at full failure.

SAW filter 
Surface Acoustic Wave filter used as an rf synthesizer to purify a desired level of frequency. If damaged result also to no network signal indication. 

The rf circuit components are often covered with shielding metal case unlike the baseband processor parts which is oftentimes not. This is because frequency is very vulnerable with unwanted radio waves interference and destroys data signals. Using the shielding metal will minimize the radio waves interference.

Vibra motor


Vibration Motors by Precision Microdrives

Small vibration motors have been with us since the 1960's. Initially they were developed for massaging products, but development took a new turn in the 90's when consumers required vibra-call on their mobile / cell phones. Today, designers and users alike have learned from two decades of mobile phones, that vibration alerting is an excellent way to alert operators of an event. 
These days miniature vibrating motors are used in a wide range of products, like tools, scanners, medical instruments, GPS, and control sticks. Vibrator motors are also the main actuators for haptic feedback which is an inexpensive way to increase a product's value, and differentiate it from competition.
So, if you landed here because you want to make something vibrate, you're in good company. Precision Microdrives is the leading supplier of sub Ø60 mm vibrating motors. We carry the widest range in stock and we offer unrivaled application support and on-hand technical expertise.

HOW TO TEST MOBILE PHONE VIBRATION MOTOR

A mobile phone vibration is created by a small motor called Vibra motor. when applied by a voltage or current it rotates and the vibration is generated by a small tiny piece of metal attach to its tip.
Checking this small piece of motor was so very easy just set the analog multi-tester range to X1 in resistance settings then connect the both probes to each terminals, polarity doesn't matter here for the motor will rotate clockwise if its in the right polarity. and rotates counter clockwise when not in each corresponding polarity.
A good and working vibration motor will then rotate and a bad or busted one will not.

How LCD Display Interface Circuit works?


Introduction to LCD:

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) consists of rod-shaped tiny molecules sandwiched between a flat piece of glass and an opaque substrate. These rod-shaped molecules in between the plates align into two different physical positions based on the electric charge applied to them. When electric charge is applied they align to block the light entering through them, where as when no-charge is applied they become transparent.
Light passing through makes the desired images appear. This is the basic concept behind LCD displays. 
LCDs are most commonly used because of their advantages over other display technologies. They are thin and flat and consume very small amount of power compared to LED displays and cathode ray tubes (CRTs).

LCD Technologies and types: 

Some of the LCD technologies are,
Blue Mode STN - This is the basic LCD, which needs lot of improvement on contrast ratio and viewing angle.
FSTN (Film STN) - Comes with an additional linearization film to offer better contrast.
CSTN (colour STN) - Layers of color filters are added to create up to 65,000 colors. 
DSTN (Double STN) - Improves contrast and eliminates any other colors appearing on the screen.

Types based on displayed data:

1. Segment LCD: Displays numbers, letters and fixed symbols and were used in old style industrial panel display and such standard where we need to display fixed number of characters.
2. Graphical LCD: Instead of segments it has pixels in rows and columns. By energizing set of pixels any character can be displayed.
3. Color LCD displays: Are of type passive matrix and Thin film transistor/ active matrix.

Two types of color displays:

Passive Matrix

· Row & Column approach
· Apply small bias to perpendicular lines of electrodes
· Bias strong enough to darken bit at line intersection
· Multiplexed addressing scheme

Advantages: Simple to implement
Disadvantages: Can cause distortion

Active Matrix

· Each cell has its own thin-film transistor (TFT)
· Addressed independently from behind LCD
· Direct addressing scheme

Advantages: Sharp display, better viewing angle, 40:1 contrast.

Disadvantages: Need better backlight, complex hardware.
Recent passive-matrix displays using new CSTN and DSTN technologies produce sharp colors rivaling active-matrix displays.

LCD Module Backlighting:

LCDs unlike LEDS do not produce light, they need some external light source to view. So most the latest LCD screens used in notebook computers use a light source. They use CFT or EL Panel or in recent times white LED as source of light fixed in the background of LCD.
LED lamp is a better choice over CFT and EL due to its ability to offer variety of colors, intensity, long life (>100K Hrs), wide temperature range, and low voltage operation.
Electroluminescent/EL Panel: The EL backlight consumes less power but require high voltage (120VAC @ 400Hz Typically). EL panel is also not long lasting and is sensitive to wider operating temperature range.
Cold Cathode Florescent Lamp: This backlight is most popular and is suitable for large sized LCD displays. CFT has same drawbacks of EL panel i.e. short life span and limited temperature range, and need high voltage to operate (>300VAC @ 30-80KHz) and is also prone to vibrations.

Different viewing modes:

Reflective: In the reflective mode LCDs use ambient light to illuminate the display making them more suitable for outdoor use.
Transmissive: Transmissive mode will depend on internal backlight and is only viewable in indoors.
Transflective: Transflective mode LCDs employ both Reflective and Transmissive types and switch based on the availability of ambient light.

Special characteristics of LCDs:

Liquid Crystals are very sensitive to constant electric fields. Only AC-voltages should be applied as DC voltages can cause an electrochemical reaction, which destroys the liquid crystals irreversibly.
Temperature dependent and in a very cold or hot environment LCD may not work correctly. This is a reversible effect. Some displays need temperature compensation circuits to automatically adjust the applied LC voltage.

Key specifications of LCD display:

Important factors to consider when evaluating an LCD monitor:

1. Resolution: The horizontal and vertical size measured by number of pixels (e.g., 1024x768). 
2. Dot pitch: The distance between the centers of two adjacent pixels. Smaller dot pitch indicate sharper image. 
3. Viewable size: The diagonal size of the LCD display panel 
4. Response time: The minimum time LCD takes to change a pixel's color or brightness. 
5. Refresh rate: The rate at which the data is loaded in the monitor measured with the unit of number of times per second. Higher the refresh rate lesser is the flickering. 
6. Matrix type: Active TFT or Passive.
7. Viewing angle: The angle from which the user can view the image on the display clearly. 
8. Color support: The types and number of colors supported by the LCD (known as color gamut).
9. Brightness: The amount of light emitted from the display (known as luminance).
10. Contrast ratio: The ratio of the intensity of the brightest bright to the darkest dark.
11. Aspect ratio: The ratio of the width to the height (for example, 4:3, 5:4, 16:9 or 16:10).
12. Gamma correction: It is the name of a nonlinear operation used to code and decode luminance or tristimulus values in video or still image systems

Advantages of LCDs: 

· Consumes less power and generates less heat.
· Saves lot of space compared picture tubes due to LCD's flatness.
· Due to less weight and flatness LCDs are highly portable.
· No flicker and less screen glare in LCDs to reduce eyestrain.

Drawbacks:

The disadvantages of LCD displays are,
· LCDs cannot form multiple resolution images. 
· The contrast ratio for LCD images is lesser than CRT and plasma displays. 
· Due to their longer response time, LCDs show ghost images and mixing when images change rapidly. 
· The narrow viewing angle of an LCD weakens the image quality in wider viewing angles.

How LCD Display Interface Circuit works?

An LCD -liquid crystal display is an electronically-modulated optical device made up of any number of pixels filled with liquid crystals and arrayed in front of a light source (backlight) or reflector to produce images in color or monochrome.
They can be optimized for static text, detailed still images, or dynamic, fast-changing, video content.
Old type of LCD are monochrome types which only display one certain color while the modern types are colored ones that can display rich text and images. 
LCD's resolution of display depends on the amount of pixels into it, the highest amount designed looks and displays best. 

Now, LCd wont work without a light source and a reflector to drive it pixels to form an image information.
This typical block diagram below will help us a brief explanation oh how the LCD can produce an text and images on mobile phones handsets. 
The block diagram shows the LCD gets a data source from the application processor, so therefore LCD is being controlled by the application processor to produce a detail images,
LED is a light emitting diode that can produce light, this light source of an LED is the one that reflect at the back of an LCD, without this LED light reflection on the back of an LCD it will result a black or dark screen displays. 
LCD also needs a power supply voltage to activate its liquid crystal arrays inside of it, so that is why a voltage supply is also very important for that matter.

How the whole circuitry of an LCD being connected and designed. A circuit start from an application processor that controls and sends data to LCD connector which where the LCD is being connected. Before the data reach to the LCd connector it is being filtered for Electromagnet Interference protection. The LED light circuit and a power supply voltage is also provided for it is also work an important part on LCD circuit.

Always keep in mind that LCD needs the following sources to make it work completely,
1. Data control signal from the application processor
2. LED light that reflects on it back so that display will reveal completely.
3. A power supply voltage to turn the LCD activated.
A failure of these three sources will result on display problem issues.