DC to DC Voltage Drivers, Regulators

DC to DC Voltage 

A DC-to-DC converter is an electronic circuit or electromechanical device which converts a source of direct current (DC) from one voltage level to another. It is a type of electric power converter. Power levels range from very low (small batteries) to very high (high-voltage power transmission).

Uses

DC to DC converters are used in portable electronic devices such as cellular phones and laptop computers, which are supplied with power from batteries primarily. Such electronic devices often contain several sub-circuits, each with its own voltage level requirement different from that supplied by the battery or an external supply (sometimes higher or lower than the supply voltage). Additionally, the battery voltage declines as its stored energy is drained. Switched DC to DC converters offer a method to increase voltage from a partially lowered battery voltage thereby saving space instead of using multiple batteries to accomplish the same thing.

Most DC to DC converter circuits also regulate the output voltage. Some exceptions include high-efficiency LED power sources, which are a kind of DC to DC converter that regulates the current through the LEDs, and simple charge pumps which double or triple the output voltage.

DC to DC converters developed to maximize the energy harvest for photovoltaic systems and for wind turbines are called power optimizers.

Transformers used for voltage conversion at mains frequencies of 50–60 Hz must be large and heavy for powers exceeding a few watts. This makes them expensive, and they are subject to energy losses in their windings and due to eddy currents in their cores. DC-to-DC techniques that use transformers or inductors work at much higher frequencies, requiring only much smaller, lighter, and cheaper wound components. Consequently these techniques are used even where a mains transformer could be used; for example, for domestic electronic appliances it is preferable to rectify mains voltage to DC, use switch-mode techniques to convert it to high-frequency AC at the desired voltage, then, usually, rectify to DC. The entire complex circuit is cheaper and more efficient than a simple mains transformer circuit of the same output.

Identifying DC to DC Voltage Drivers, Regulators and Converters Symbols and Layout

DC to DC Regulators and Converters are packed in a tiny BGA (ball grid array) chips.

It used to convert, regulate and drives a certain amount of current-voltage.

It has the ability to stabilize, reduce or step up a voltage that feeds towards it. 

in mobile phones it has a digital signal that been able to switch it on and off.

like for example it switch the LED lamp that used to light up the Display Screen while the cellphone is in used status and turn it off when the cellphone is not in use or at the sleep mode.

There are various kind and designed of these said components which according to each every purpose to the circuit. Sizes and bumps leads also have may differ with each other. 

This chips may also damaged cause by a corrosive element or if a short circuit occurs.